canine leptospirosis cases by state 2021

Infected dogs can also show a variety of signs, but the most common clinical presentation involves signs secondary to liver and kidney failure such as lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, and excessive thirst and urination. Answer a few simple questions and find the right dog for you, Compare up to 5 different breeds side by side, Browse the AKC Marketplace to find the right puppy for you, Browse our extensive library of dog names for inspiration, Find out the best and worst foods for your dog and which to avoid, , is a disease caused by infection with numerous different serovars of bacteria in the genus. This cookie can only be read from the domain they are set on and will not track any data while browsing through other sites. rats or mice, opossums and skunks. CHICOPEE, Mass. bowl daily in case it was contaminated by the urine of wild animals. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Controls were defined as dogs without a diagnosis or suspicion of leptospirosis also having lived in Chicago for at least four weeks. Leptospirosis diagnosis by MAT requires antibody levels that are typically present only after the first week of symptoms, many days after infection. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The goal of this research is to identify the geographic areas of greatest risk for canine leptospirosis and to determine key behaviors and practices that can be used to successfully reduce the risk of leptospirosis in dogs. How is lepto transmitted? 04/30/2023 Exposures in 30 days prior to illness onset, specify if the patient had: Contact with animals (select all that apply) Rodents Dogs Cows Sheep/goats Pigs Horses No known contact Unknown Wildlife, specify: and should be treated in a veterinary hospital. Leptospira attaches to cells that line blood vessels (endothelial cells) which can make it harder for blood to clot normally. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". vomiting and increased or decreased urination Know the risk factors for canine leptospirosis such as dog age, size, sex, geographical location, and season. Page last reviewed: October 13, 2017. It is a zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals that is spread through urine-contaminated water such as stagnant puddles and ponds frequented by infected wildlife. https://www.akc.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. o Since April 16, 2021 a total of 51 confirmed cases, and 24 probable cases of leptospirosis in dogs have been reported in in LA County. snow sculpture masterpieces, Hampden looks to improve their fire department, Mortgage demand from homebuyers drops to a 28-year, Jesse Lederman kick offs Springfield mayoral campaign, Springfield art museum to display art of Nelson Stevens, Download the 22News Storm Team Weather App, No. Lunn advises discussing the pros and cons of vaccinating for lepto with every dog owner, explaining adverse effects are rare and that the disease itself can be devastating. This cookie is set by Facebook to display advertisements when either on Facebook or on a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising, after visiting the website. 22 TCU wins 75-73 to deny No. Young dogs were more likely to be infected than older dogs and cases did occur in dogs six months of age or younger. Chicago was chosen since the commercial laboratory data described above indicated it as an area with increased prevalence of leptospirosis positive test results and showed a significant outbreak in that region. ? endstream endobj startxref Installed by Google Analytics, _gid cookie stores information on how visitors use a website, while also creating an analytics report of the website's performance. The 12 men and women of the jury and two alternates visited the Moselle crime scene early Wednesday. Scott Weese and Maureen Anderson of the Ontario Veterinary Colleges Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses. wildlife, or water contaminated by These small dogs in our experience have not been vaccinated against leptospirosis, leaving them susceptible to infection, he stated in the proceedings. lepto? They also conducted a case-control study on canine leptospirosis in the Chicago area. endstream endobj startxref Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. With funding from AKC Canine Health Foundation (CHF)Grant 02380-A Estimating Prevalence and Identifying Risk Factors for Canine Leptospirosis in North America, Dr. Jason Stull and his team at The Ohio State University set out to answer these questions regarding leptospirosis in North America. In the United States, greater incidence is probably associated with humans and their pets increasingly sharing their environments with carrier animals, such as raccoons, rodents, skunks, deer, opossums, mice, and rats, says Katherine F. Lunn, BVMS, MS, PhD, MRCVS, DACVIM, associate professor in the department of clinical sciences at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine They examined leptospirosis test results (data provided by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.) in the US from 2009-2016 and in Canada from 2009-2018. Even the thaw of snow or heavy rains can wash contaminated animal urine into streams and other bodies of water. Work with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate leptospirosis prevention strategy for your dog. Most of the cases in Mumbai have been in the wake of heavy flooding in the area in mid-June. What is Leptospirosis?Leptospirosis, often referred to as lepto, is a disease caused by infection with numerous different serovars of bacteria in the genus Leptospira. Do not swim in, walk in, or swallow water that may contain animal urine. The report also notes that raccoons have been identified as major reservoirs of the pathogen in the U.S., and that up to 90 percent of urban rats shed the bacteria in their urine, indicating that dogs in urban, suburban, and rural environments may be equally at risk of exposure. September 3: Alex Murdaugh resigns from the law firm Peters, Murdaugh, Parker, Eltzroth & Detrick (PMPED), according to the firm. By using a combination of tests, and potentially testing more than once, the chance of confirming the diagnosis is improved., Be suspicious, Lee advises, especially if a dog has PUPD. lepto cases in dogs included raccoons, The American Kennel Club, Inc. 2022. being a disease of large-breed dogs living in a rural environment. If you purchase a product through this article, we may receive a portion of the sale. 702 0 obj <> endobj Exposure to water or mud contaminated with urine may also spread it. AKC actively advocates for responsible dog ownership and is dedicated to advancing dog sports. Keep rodent populations under control. In this study, cases were defined as dogs with clinical signs of leptospirosis and a positive diagnostic test that lived in Chicago, IL for at least four weeks before diagnosis. diagnosed in dogs in LA County. The newer vaccines protect against up to four strains of leptospirosis, and they protect dogs for at least one year after vaccination. To improve testing capacity and to develop a fast and reliable solution for the diagnosis of this disease in the first few days after clinical manifestations, the National Reference Laboratory for Leptospirosis/WHO Collaborating Center in Brazil . In the United States, most human cases of Companion Animal Hospital in Ithaca, NY for cats, dogs, exotics, and wildlife, Equine and Nemo Farm Animal Hospitals in Ithaca, NY for horses and farm animals, Cornell Ruffian Equine Specialists, on Long Island for every horse, Ambulatory and Production Medicine for service on farms within 30 miles of Ithaca, NY, Animal Health Diagnostic Center New York State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca, New York 14853-6401. If vaccination is recommended, start when the dog is young and follow recommended protocols. Lepto is a zoonotic disease, affecting humans and animals, that is spread through urine-contaminated water, such as stagnant puddles and ponds frequented by infected wildlife. The test_cookie is set by doubleclick.net and is used to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. There are limitations with any dataset of this kind, so its not a perfect representation of this disease. Unique customer identifier used to track unique ad views and interactions with some ads. The cookie stores information anonymously and assigns a randomly generated number to recognize unique visitors. When looking at lab test results, I would think of leptospirosis in patients with acute azotemia, cholestatic liver disease, mild to moderate thrombocytopenia, and glucosuria with normal blood glucose.. Data analysis revealed the following risk factors for canine leptospirosis: Examining 10,000 test results during a ten-year period in Canada revealed riskssimilar tothose found in the US. What is the An increase of cases among pet dogs was also seen in the Denver areaearlier this year. Worms & Germs Blog is an educational website coordinated by Drs. Which dogs are at greatest risk for infection or severe disease? wildlife, in or near the dog's home raccoons, rodents), is passed in their urine, and survives well in moist, temperate climates. Climate change may play a role as well. US Canine Influenza Outbreaks and Vaccination Decisions, Dr. Michelle Evason wrote a post on her K9 Lifetime Study blog, The dog didnt do it: SARS-CoV-2 transmission NOT from dog to human, Center for Food Security and Public Health, Disease Prevention at Canine Group Settings, University of Guelph Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph Centre for Public Health & Zoonoses. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In the U.S. there are eight different serovars of Leptospira that can infect dogs. Canine Leptospirosis in the United States (2009-20169): Use of PCR Testing to Unravel Complex Spatial, Temporal, Human-and Animal-Level Risk Factors. The leptospirosis vaccine is not included with the regular core vaccines given routinely to dogs by many animal hospitals and instead may be recommended where geographic region or the dogs lifestyle is felt to put them at risk. Gloves should be worn if handling any urine. Based on these results, additional testing to confirm a diagnosis is needed such as a PCR test, which looks for DNA of the Leptospira organism, and testing for antibodies. It indicates a need for further study, increased awareness of this disease among dog owners and veterinarians, and additional prevention efforts.What does it all mean?The goal of this research is to identify the geographic areas of greatest risk for canine leptospirosis and to determine key behaviors and practices that can be used to successfully reduce the risk of leptospirosis in dogs. What are the symptoms of Stay educated about the latest leptospirosis research through the AKC Canine Health Foundation and your local veterinary resources. Vimeo installs this cookie to collect tracking information by setting a unique ID to embed videos to the website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Leptospirosis is a public health concern because it's a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. this disease to inform and improve communication among dog owners and veterinarians. Vaccination history was available for 68 It is known as Weil disease, and it can progress to multiorgan . There are multiple strains of the bacteria called Leptospira that cause leptospirosis. Leptospira enters the body through ingestion, broken skin or mucous membranes (eyes, nose or mouth). Young dogs were more likely to be infected than older dogs and cases did occur in dogs six months of age or younger. ) based on LA County's. Its a fairly high level map of a few years of leptospirosis cases in dogs in Canada, based on data from IDEXX Laboratories. required and the total amount of reported Based on these results, Dr. Stull provides the following recommendations to help prevent canine leptospirosis: The AKC Canine Health Foundation and its donors remain committed to advancing our knowledge ofcanine leptospirosis and other diseases. and muscle aches. Manufacturers will typically recommend two initial vaccines, followed by annual vaccination. New vaccines, however, may be less likely to cause adverse reactions, according to some vets. In some. Signs can range from mild to severe, and sometimes become life-threatening. The site was initially set up with the help of funding from City. Judge Clifton Newman, defense attorney Dick Harpootlian and S.C. Attorney General Alan Wilson . With the exception of dogs in desert environments, any dog is potentially at risk, Lunn says, even those who never go outside. Canine leptospirosis: Growing in effect and threat, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, preventing occurrence of the disease in pets, Active Shooter & Mass Attack Safety Resources, iy_2023; im_03; id_01; ih_22; imh_55; i_epoch:1677740123509, py_2021; pm_11; pd_18; ph_11; pmh_50; p_epoch:1637265042812, link-block; link-block_link-block; bodystr, pn_tstr:Thu Nov 18 11:50:42 PST 2021; pn_epoch:1637265042812. Your veterinarian will recommend blood work and urine testing. The American Kennel Club, Inc. 2022. 0-]s \_-\D03RepZL9= Now, all the veterinary companies ultra-purify the vaccine, so the risk of reaction is minimal.. Qm!" Leptospirosis in dogs in Los Angeles County in 2021 In July 2021, Veterinary Public Health noted a large increase in reported confirmed and suspected canine leptospirosis cases. dogs in higher income areas. Of these, 81% had not been yellowed mucus membranes, cause kidney damage and respiratory distress. Laurie Anne Walden, DVM, ELS. 2. hb```a`` A2@qK~g(z(PmEGGGd46 4::`f*eXl\/$6qKdND:o8oNb3Pleg4w':Fz w@d` j=8V How can we use this information to best prevent disease in dogs? The bacterial disease has been reported in both. } Leptospirosis is a public health concern because its a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Studies show a number of factors may impact lepto prevalence, including dog size and environment. )s4)Z&1e3 SY=%a*hP3 PC:qLxEf:V,0q(;gF$8aYw_ZgY How can we use this information to best prevent disease in dogs?With funding from AKC Canine Health Foundation (CHF) Grant 02380-A Estimating Prevalence and Identifying Risk Factors for Canine Leptospirosis in North America, Dr. Jason Stull and his team at The Ohio State University set out to answer these questions regarding leptospirosis in North America. Chest x-rays may be needed to check for a pulmonary hemorrhage. This e-book is a great resource for anyone who's considering dog ownership or already owns a dog. *Dog friendly rental filter applied to results, has historically been considered a disease of rural environments. Lepto is one of those diseases with no signs or generic signs. Case categorization In humans: Symptoms bacteria. 2. One study did show a small increase in risk of non-specific adverse events in dogs receiving a leptospirosis vaccine, compared to dogs that did not receive it, but the overall risk was still extremely low, she says. Discuss with your veterinarian whether the vaccination for leptospirosis is right for your dog, weighing possible risks and benefits. They examined leptospirosis test results (data provided by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.) in the US from 2009-2016 and in Canada from 2009-2018. Cookie set to record whether the user has opted out of the collection of information by the AdsWizz Service Cookies. lp;E(P%NQuI(Gv8}(gkFys A total of 121 dogs were identified during this time period; most were hospitalized (n=94, 78%) and 43 (36%) died or were euthanized. Geographic Patterns of Canine Leptospirosis in the United States. this form A Multnomah County jury has decided in favor of a former Oregon State University dean who sued the school two years ago for whistleblower . The JSESSIONID cookie is used by New Relic to store a session identifier so that New Relic can monitor session counts for an application. In humans, leptospirosis can cause many symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, jaundice, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rash. Risks vary within those regions too, and lepto vaccination discussions require some assessment of other risk factors as well (although I consider lepto vaccination a core vaccine in most of the green (and all of the blue) regions on this map). The bacteria is Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It can infect multiple species of mammals, hbbd```b``@$A$?f}``>m 3HDDH*&hVL`700L oW I always say, When you see acute kidney injury, this should definitely be on your radar. And about 60 percent of the time when I see leptospirosis, dogs oftentimes have a low platelet count. September 2021. When buying cowboy boots, there are a few aspects to consider, such as how far up they go on your legs and their design. Gautam R, Wu C-C, Guptill LF, Potter A, Moore GE. ]}pyzWx8%gM9ow8./.5.wNCy\*"?;oi}458l\\iWrQ8n]v]Oz/OC; e;,}*B The pattern element in the name contains the unique identity number of the account or website it relates to. Are there local hot spots whereleptooccurs with more frequency? In this issue of Montana One health, we will describe human and animal leptospirosis cases and how to reduce the risk of infection. hXnF}Lvu!1m=K%0]uj/gK& This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. /0& from The Ohio State University on canine leptospirosis research with funding provided by the AKC Canine Health Foundation. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Based on these results, Dr. Stull provides the following recommendations to help prevent canine leptospirosis: Resources The following educational resources are available to help you stay informed about the risks of leptospirosis in dogs: There is more to learn -The AKC Canine Health Foundation and its donors remain committed to advancing our knowledge of canine leptospirosis and other diseases. It can result in acute kidney injury, leading to chronic kidney failure and even death. Leptospirosis Outbreak in Dogs in Los Angeles How can we use this information to best prevent disease in dogs? In the past the leptospirosis vaccine was associated with causing adverse reactions more frequently than other vaccinations. However, it still provides some useful information. Results were recently presented at the, Examining over forty thousand test results during an eight-year period in the US, the prevalence of positive test results varied from year to year, perhaps reflecting variations in a number of dog and environmental factors, such as recent precipitation, which helps create the hospitable environment in which, can spread. If you purchase a product through this article, we may receive a portion of the sale. Positive test results were more prevalent in the Midwest and Southwest US, as previously reported in a poster presentation bySmith, A, Arruda, AG,Wittum, T, and Stull, J. There are studies showing the risk of vaccine-related adverse events is greater in small dogs compared to large dogs, but that is not just for the leptospirosis vaccine, Lunn says. Quadrivalent vaccines that contain serovars Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, and Pomona have been available in North America since 2001. It is located at the University of Guelph, in Ontario, Canada. Confirmed* cases (n = 54) of leptospirosis that were reported by veterinarians, owners of dog daycare or boarding facilities, and dog owners to the state veterinarian or state or local public health departments between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017, in Maricopa County, Ariz, enumerated by method of confirmation and Leptospira vaccination status, and whether clinical and . Therefore a person caring for a dog with 762 0 obj <>stream There is a vaccine for dogs and the Department of Agricultural Resources recommends you talk to your veterinarian about getting it for your pet. AKC actively advocates for responsible dog ownership and is dedicated to advancing dog sports. 733 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<79006F6B853442F6911A029E79AD20FA>]/Index[702 61]/Info 701 0 R/Length 131/Prev 80771/Root 703 0 R/Size 763/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream This bacterium lives in different wildlife hosts (e.g. lepto occur after recreational exposure to contaminated lakes or streams, not from dogs. pets being taken in for veterinary visits Dogs can become infected by direct or indirect contact with the urine of an infected animal, or by wading, drinking, or swimming in stagnant water or floodwater that has been contaminated. UPDATE: These findings have been published in BMC Veterinary Research. Wear protective clothing or footwear near soil or water that may be contaminated with animal urine. Download for tips on how to be the best dog owner you can be. Leptospirosis to Listeriosis, Probable - 2021. a person. In 2020, one laboratory did not report as Humans exposed to infected floodwater can pick up the disease through a skin wound. CHICOPEE, Mass. Eight of the dogs had been taken on walks along the same riverbed and 4 dogs lived in the same town. All rights reserved. may be more likely to be diagnosed in Local data suggest that a variety of Leptospira serotypes (strains) of bacteria may cause illness in dogs. This cookie is installed by Google Universal Analytics to restrain request rate and thus limit the collection of data on high traffic sites. are looking to buy homes, MA man pled guilty to $30k in state benefits fraud, 3 teens charged after guns and drugs found in Chicopee, Technology in Massachusetts reduces wrong-way crashes, Lotterys January profits soar $40M above 2022, New ride coming to Six Flags New England in 2023, Healeys first budget themes: Spending increases,, Registration for Hooplandia now available, Senate lifts eight-year limit on presidents term, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Know the risk factors for canine leptospirosis such as dog age, size, sex, geographical location, and season. Most cases exposed to The types of dogs at risk, the types of areas where it typically occurs, and whether vaccinations are warranted are among the questions that vex veterinarians and pet owners alike. "bFMAr%U[v12`x32Xo``t*fe` f00 In 2021 to date, 15 canine leptospirosis cases have been reported, a decrease from the previous 4 years. The most common way dogs get leptospirosis is through water contaminated with urine, particularly stagnant or slow-moving water like puddles, ponds or lakes. Positive test results were also more common in the fall season, although this seasonality varied in different regions of the country. The diversity and depth of AKC Canine Health Foundation-funded research has the capacity to alter the standard of care in veterinary medicine, states Dr. Stull. Click endstream endobj 156 0 obj <. In this study, cases were defined as dogs with clinical signs of leptospirosis and a positive diagnostic test that lived in Chicago, IL for at least four weeks before diagnosis. Most of the cases have been associated with staying in boarding kennel or dog day care settings. Google DoubleClick IDE cookies are used to store information about how the user uses the website to present them with relevant ads and according to the user profile. Prevention is much simpler than treatment, and your veterinarian can discuss with you if it is an appropriate vaccine for your dogs lifestyle. What is leptospirosis? 2019 AKC Canine Health Foundation National Parent Club Canine Health Conference, Active Shooter & Mass Attack Safety Resources. Additionally, a survey of US and Canadian veterinary teaching hospitals between 1983 and 1998 reported a significant increase in canine leptospirosis prevalence (Ward et al., 2002). For More Information Contact CDC Info: 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636)/TTY 1-888-232-6348. Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease caused by pathogenic members of the Genus Leptospira. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Symptoms vary but commonly include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), skin rash, and red eyes. Rats are the most common . Leptospirosis is an infectious bacterial disease that can be deadly to dogs when left untreated. Canine leptospirosis has been reported in the USA for more than 100 years ( Bolin, 1996) and the prevalence of leptospirosis is reported to be increasing; the rate increased by 1.2 cases/100,000 dogs/year from 1983 to 1998 ( Ward et al., 2002 ). It is the most common zoonotic infection in the world. : ~ _M+vmr4+$~47]Cpt>sh8n%?@G. and email it in to It is easily transmitted from infected animals through their urine, either directly or through infected soil or water. Leptospirosis is treated with antibiotics, most commonly doxycycline, for at least two weeks. Regardless, were getting more information all the time and getting that out in the open is important. If we just plot the number of cases, places with a big dog population but low incidence of disease could have more cases than a true high risk area with a lower population, thus hiding the real risk. %%EOF Sickness can range from mild to severe. Positive test results were more prevalent in the Midwest and Southwest US, as previously reported in a poster presentation by, , T, and Stull, J. Leptospiral pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome can cause respiratory signs, and this seems to be a common finding in some parts of Europe. General Information Leptospirosis is a zoonotic (transmitted from animals to humans) disease of worldwide distribution that is quite uncommon in Wisconsin. In o Vaccination status was reported for 42 of the cases, and 40 (95%) of them had In a study published in The Veterinary Journal, researchers constructed a . hbbd```b`` 3@$3dY"u`&X,1}p0iBb.HO r- h bHZ ?b` #@ @h Thats because the organisms require moisture to survive. Periods of heavy rainfall can make it easier to spread. Areas where lepto is more commonly seen include the Southeast and South, the Pacific Northwest, the Northeast, and areas prone to flooding, such as towns and cities located along the Mississippi River. Beyond overlapping signs, another reason it can be difficult to diagnose is that its not on the radar of many clinicians. Westfield family gets creative with snow, Everything about electric vehicles in Massachusetts, Enfield PD searching for 3 people last seen weeks, Where people in Mass. (WWLP) - States officials say there has been multiple cases of Leptospirosis reported in dogs in Massachusetts recently. Lepto is a zoonotic disease, affecting humans and animals, that is spread through urine-contaminated water, such as stagnant puddles and ponds frequented by infected wildlife. The next is figuring out what that means. The risk of adverse events can also be greater if multiple vaccines are given during a single office visit. Canine Leptospirosis Cases in New York City by Diagnosis Year, 2006 to 10/20/2021 Table 1. In this Table, provisional cases* of notifiable diseases are displayed for United States, U.S. territories, and Non-U.S. residents. Vaccinating your dogs will decrease the risk of human exposure, as well as protecting against infection. and pets being tested for this disease thus 1998 - 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | All Rights Reserved. Many misconceptions surround leptospirosis, a bacterial disease spread by contact with an environment contaminated with urine from a carrier animal. making a diagnosis) and discussing vaccination programs. The __gads cookie, set by Google, is stored under DoubleClick domain and tracks the number of times users see an advert, measures the success of the campaign and calculates its revenue. 526 0 obj <>stream Leptospirosis is responsive to antibiotics and complete recovery is possible, but some dogs that survive may be left with chronic kidney or liver disease. Following an analysis of more than 87,000 microscopic agglutination test results, researchers have created a predictive risk map for canine leptospirosis. We do that so that we dont see bias towards big cities. The CDC says that the vaccine does not provide 100-percent protection, noting, This is because there are many strains (types) of leptospirosis (the bacteria that causes leptospirosis), and the vaccine does not provide immunity against all strains.. Detection of antibodies against Leptospira serovars via microscopic agglutination tests in dogs in the United States, 2000-2007. 'tD\FNbdhK In humans, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, some of which may be mistaken for other diseases. agglutination tests (MATs) in a prevalence study of 23,005 US dogs over 2002-2004 (Moore et al., 2006). Dogs, livestock, wildlife and rodents can all spread the disease. 1. o+>= @m 6{[xE!uy`HFp$|Kkb#I;ttv| Kf"j|:S:dHl\siN/y9/+9m @"*5e#:=9=jiBOw)+'*Rk8,c#$n/m8K -. amount of total reported cases increased. Results were recently presented at the 2019 AKC Canine Health Foundation National Parent Club Canine Health Conference and are shared here as the latest epidemiologic data on canine leptospirosis in North America.Leptospirosis test results in the United States Examining over forty thousand test results during an eight-year period in the US, the prevalence of positive test results did vary from year to year, perhaps reflecting variations in a number of dog and environmental factors, such as recent precipitation needed to create the hospitable environment in which lepto can easily spread.
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