Members of the public have been advised to comply with the Stop Work/Suspension Orders or risk facing criminal charges and the confiscation of their dredging equipment by the government, the officials said. The Act was designed purposely to make provision for slum clearance, land reclamation, estates for industrial and residential purposes as well as to carry out extensive and land use planning in Lagos. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. Canalization is done to enable ships to berth at the wharf, without running aground. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. mangrove wetlands. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. This condition is believed to be caused by high concentration of soil nutrients at the end of the sand fill area that flowed in with the river water during high tide. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] Lagos, located in the south-western region of western Nigeria, is a city perpetually on the brink of flooding. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. This is because the organisms that reside in these areas are wiped out during the first phase of reclamation. The conversion of a coastal environment to a terrestrial environment is absolute and cannot be reversed. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. The entry of big machinery into the swamp had added more stress to the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. In July 2000, Nigeria's population was estimated at more than 123 million people. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. Reclamation is done without proper environmental impact assessment. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. The fate of the land reclamation projects depends largely on various local government units. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. 3:02 am. This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. They gradually occupy the area through seedling recruitment process. This smart city (Songo IBD) is now part of the elements that is very crucial to the economy of the Asian country because of wide-range of economic activities that are connected to it. According to him, disruption of the ecology would also have a negative impact on the people living in the affected area. Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. Population increase has led to the migration of people towards the coastal locations. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. Abuja, a planned city in the centre of the country, has been the official capital of Nigeria since 1991, although some government offices remain in Lagos, the former capital. The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. Changes in land form lead to changes in the biogeography of the area. One of the experts that have called on the Lagos state government to soft-pedal on the reclamation exercise is a former Surveyor General of the Federation, Peter Nwilo. Private investors reclaim coastal areas to execute private business that would boost their economic fortunes. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). The general principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the tribe as represented by the chief of the political group. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. This situation affects the fish survival and population. Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. You set a kind of disequilibrium in the environment. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. It involves human beings because they are the ones that cause problems for biodiversity. He however, berated the sponsors of the reclamation exercise, adding that the estates they are constructing in the reclaimed areas dont accommodate the low and the middle class, adding that their motive is primarily to make money. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. Mangroves provide various ecosystem services such as food, medicine, tools and construction materials. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. Experimental design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. Even the engines of our fishing boat are not spared. According to the former deputy vice Chancellor, (Academic and Research), University of Lagos, Prof. Babajide Alo, land reclamation without due Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) could lead to serious environmental degradation. After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. Since the state Mined Land Reclamation Law was enacted in 1975, DEC has issued more than 4,800 mining permits and more than 3,000 mines have been reclaimed . So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. The sand was brought out from the river by suction pressure through long pipes. This leads to the impairment of the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms around the reclaimed area. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. Minna. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . *Address all correspondence to: aroloyen@yahoo.com. All land comprised in the territory of each state in Nigeria are vested in the governor of that state and such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and . Physical land covers all the earth including land surface, sub-surface, under water and super surface (atmosphere). The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. Today, we will consider other (though not all) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria. Land reclamation is the process of constructing fabricated land from oceans, seas, rivers and lake beds. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. It is crucial to the environment's welfare both now and in the future. It also changes the coastal structure and lead to flooding of upland areas. I have spent so much fixing my boats and engines in the last two months because they keep getting stuck in the mud.. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprising. The cost of land appreciates and has no depreciative value. sea-side resort, roads, houses, light poles and shopping malls. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. The Great Wall of Lagos will ensure that everyone living and working within the 10 square kilometres (6.2 miles) of reclaimed land for Eko Atlantic and the population of Victoria Island are protected from the sea, Frame assured. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. Examples of artificial islands in Nigeria include Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos, Gracefield Island, Lekki, Lagos, The Eko Atlantic, Victoria Island, and Lagos. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. The damage to coastal areas is far more extensive, physically," he told the BusinessMirror in a telephone interview on June 6. 1. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. Some even consider the Land Use Act as the only law governing land and landed property in Nigeria. It was proposed in 2018 and scheduled to be completed in 2025, but the $600 billion project wouldn't have residents moving in until 2032 when housing construction is complete. The colonization of pioneer species will accelerate the establishment of other successional stages (e.g. Contact our London head office or media team here. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. ( See also city; urban planning .) This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. The dehydration of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83). Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. The deadline for the reclamation activity is 2022. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. However, in many communities coastal lands are protected traditionally if they have cultural significance to the people [1]. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. These areas dominate the hinter land and are often reclaimed and sand filled to expand their economic potential. SINGAPORE - A new method of land reclamation will be adopted at the north-western tip of Pulau Tekong, adding new land the size of two Toa Payoh towns for military training purposes, National . Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. With . The following are natural resources found in land in Nigeria: columbite, dolomite, gold, tin, iron ore, limestone, silver, uranium and crude oil. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . Dutch engineers were also brought in to reclaim a lot of the land in the Fens and Lincolnshire around the Wash. Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. 08 February 2021 | The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. The implication of these landscape reclamations is that the destruction of mangrove forests lead to a colossal loss of ecosystem services to the environment. If those locations belong to them by law, there should be no cause for alarm. Bounded in the South by the Atlantic Ocean, the city is situated on the mainland, home to 70% of the city's population with series of islands and a peninsula that holds the remaining 30% (Ogunlesi, 2012). Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. This facility is situated at a coastal community that is land-locked. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. The restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. Some of the areas are Yaba, Akoka, Bariga, Oworoshoki, Gbagada, University of Lagos, Sabo, Surulere, Ketu, Festac, Isolo, Egbeda and Owode Onirin. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. Speaking during an interview with Punch, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Kehinde Bamigbetan said that the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA report on the project had taken care of future negative impact on the environment, adding that the Lagos state government, as a responsible government, carried out comprehensive EIA before embarking on massive land reclamation going on in the coastal areas of the state. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state g. overnment began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. Nigeria has the largest population of any African country. 2002 NYS Reclamation award . Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. We have carried out some investigations. Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. This situation thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal areas to create more space for human habitation. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species.